The sequence given by the exponents of the highest power of 2 dividing , i.e., the number of trailing 0s in the binary representation of . For , 2, ..., the first few are 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 3, 0, 1, 0, 2, ... (Sloane's A007814). Amazingly, this corresponds to one less than the number of disk to be moved at th step of optimal solution to towers of Hanoi problem, 1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 2, 1, 4, 1, 2, 1, ... (Sloane's A001511).

The anti-parity of this sequence is given by 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, ... (Sloane's A035263) which, amazingly, also corresponds to the accumulation point of cycles through successive bifurcations.

Double-Free Set, Towers of Hanoi

References

Atanassov, K. "On the 37th and the 38th Smarandache Problems. Notes on Number Theory and Discrete Mathematics, Sophia, Bulgaria 5, 83-85, 1999.

Atanassov, K. On Some of the Smarandache's Problems. Lupton, AZ: American Research Press, pp. 16-21, 1999.

Derrida, B.; Gervois, A.; and Pomeau, Y. " Iteration of Endomorphisms on the Real Axis and Representation of Number." Ann. Inst. Henri Poincaré, Section A: Physique Théorique 29, 305-356, 1978.

Karamanos, K. and Nicolis, G. "Symbolic Dynamics and Entropy Analysis of Feigenbaum Limit Sets." Chaos, Solitons, Fractals 10, 1135-1150, 1999.

Metropolis, M.; Stein, M. L.; and Stein, P R. "On Finite Limit Sets for Transformations on the Unit Interval." J. Combin. Th. A 15, 25-44, 1973.

Sloane, N. J. A. Sequences A001511/M0127, A007814, and A035263 in "An On-Line Version of the Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences." http://www.research.att.com/~njas/sequences/eisonline.html.

Smarandache, F. Only Problems, Not Solutions!, 4th ed. Phoenix, AZ: Xiquan, 1993.

Vitanyi, P. M. B. " An Optimal Simulation of Counter Machines." SIAM J. Comput. 14, 1-33, 1985.